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Small Business (BC),
Vancouver, Canada |
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Background: |
The colonial boundaries created
by Britain to delimit Uganda grouped together a wide range of ethnic
groups with different political systems and cultures. These differences
prevented the establishment of a working political community after
independence was achieved in 1962. The dictatorial regime of Idi AMIN
(1971-79) was responsible for the deaths of some 300,000 opponents,
guerrilla war and human rights abuses under Milton OBOTE (1980-85) claimed
at least another 100,000 lives. The rule of Yoweri MUSEVENI since 1986 has
brought relative stability and economic growth to Uganda. During the
1990s, the government promulgated non-party presidential and legislative
elections. |
|
Country name: |
conventional long form:
Republic of Uganda
conventional short form: Uganda |
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Government type: |
republic |
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Capital: |
name: Kampala
geographic coordinates: 0 19 N, 32 25 E
time
difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard
Time) |
|
Administrative divisions: |
56 districts, Adjumani, Apac,
Arua, Bugiri, Bundibugyo, Bushenyi, Busia, Gulu, Hoima, Iganga, Jinja,
Kabale, Kabarole, Kaberamaido, Kalangala, Kampala, Kamuli, Kamwenge,
Kanungu, Kapchorwa, Kasese, Katakwi, Kayunga, Kibale, Kiboga, Kisoro,
Kitgum, Kotido, Kumi, Kyenjojo, Lira, Luwero, Masaka, Masindi, Mayuge,
Mbale, Mbarara, Moroto, Moyo, Mpigi, Mubende, Mukono, Nakapiripirit,
Nakasongola, Nebbi, Ntungamo, Pader, Pallisa, Rakai, Rukungiri, Sembabule,
Sironko, Soroti, Tororo, Wakiso, Yumbe
note: as of a July 2005,
13 new districts were reportedly added bringing the total up to 69, the
new districts are Amolatar, Amuria, Budaka, Butaleja, Ibanda, Kaabong,
Kabingo, Kaliro, Kiruhura, Koboko, Manafwa, Mityana, Nakaseke, a total of
ten more districts are in the process of being added |
|
Independence: |
9 October 1962 (from UK) |
|
National holiday: |
Independence Day, 9 October
(1962) |
|
Constitution: |
8 October 1995, in 2005 the
constitution was amended removing presidential term limits and legalizing
a multiparty political system |
|
Legal system: |
in 1995, the government
restored the legal system to one based on English common law and customary
law, accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations |
|
Suffrage: |
18 years of age, universal
|
|
Executive branch: |
chief of state:
President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI (since seizing power 26 January
1986), note - the president is both chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI
(since seizing power 26 January 1986), Prime Minister Apollo NSIBAMBI
(since 5 April 1999), note - the prime minister assists the president in
the supervision of the cabinet
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by
the president from among elected legislators
elections:
president reelected by popular vote for a five-year term, election last
held 23 February 2006 (next to be held in 2011)
election
results: Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI elected president, percent of
vote - Lt. Gen. Yoweri Kaguta MUSEVENI 59.3%, Kizza BESIGYE 37.4%, other
3.3% |
|
Legislative branch: |
unicameral National Assembly
(332 seats, 215 members elected by popular vote, 104 nominated by legally
established special interest groups [women 79, army 10, disabled 5, youth
5, labor 5], 13 ex officio members, to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 23 February 2006 (next to be held in 2011)
election results: percent of vote by party - NA, seats by party
- NRM 191, FDC 37, UPC 9, DP 8, CP 1, JEEMA 1, independents 36, other 49
|
|
Judicial branch: |
Court of Appeal (judges are
appointed by the president and approved by the legislature), High Court
(judges are appointed by the president) |
|
Political parties and leaders: |
Conservative Party or CP [Ken
LUKYAMUZI], Democratic Party or DP [Kizito SSEBAANA], Forum for Democratic
Change or FDC [Kizza BESIGYE], Justice Forum or JEEMA [Muhammad Kibirige
MAYANJA], National Resistance Movement or NRM [Yoweri MUSEVENI], Peoples
Progressive Party or PPP [Bidandi SSALI], Ugandan People`s Congress or UPC
[Miria OBOTE]
note: a national referendum in July 2005 opened
the way for Uganda`s transition to a multi-party political system |
|
Political pressure groups and leaders: |
|
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International organization participation: |
ACP, AfDB, AU, C, COMESA, EAC,
EADB, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS,
IGAD, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU,
ITUC, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIS,
UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO |
|
Diplomatic representation in the US: |
chief of mission:
Ambassador Perezi Karukubiro KAMUNANWIRE
chancery: 5911 16th
Street NW, Washington, DC 20011
telephone: [1] (202) 726-7100
through 7102, 0416
FAX: [1] (202) 726-1727 |
|
Diplomatic representation from the US: |
chief of mission:
Ambassador Steven BROWNING
embassy: 1577 Ggaba Road, Kampala
mailing address: P. O. Box 7007, Kampala
telephone:
[256] (41) 234-142
FAX: [256] (41) 258-451 |
|
Flag description: |
six equal horizontal bands of
black (top), yellow, red, black, yellow, and red, a white disk is
superimposed at the center and depicts a red-crested crane (the national
symbol) facing the hoist side |
|
Economy - overview: |
Uganda has substantial natural
resources, including fertile soils, regular rainfall, and sizable mineral
deposits of copper, cobalt, gold, and other minerals. Agriculture is the
most important sector of the economy, employing over 80% of the work
force. Coffee accounts for the bulk of export revenues. Since 1986, the
government - with the support of foreign countries and international
agencies - has acted to rehabilitate and stabilize the economy by
undertaking currency reform, raising producer prices on export crops,
increasing prices of petroleum products, and improving civil service
wages. The policy changes are especially aimed at dampening inflation and
boosting production and export earnings. During 1990-2001, the economy
turned in a solid performance based on continued investment in the
rehabilitation of infrastructure, improved incentives for production and
exports, reduced inflation, gradually improved domestic security, and the
return of exiled Indian-Ugandan entrepreneurs. Growth continues to be
solid, despite variability in the price of coffee, Uganda`s principal
export, and a consistent upturn in Uganda`s export markets. In 2000,
Uganda qualified for enhanced Highly Indebted Poor Countries (HIPC) debt
relief worth $1.3 billion and Paris Club debt relief worth $145 million.
These amounts combined with the original HIPC debt relief added up to
about $2 billion. |
|
GDP (purchasing power parity): |
$31.47 billion (2007 est.)
|
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GDP (official exchange rate): |
$11.14 billion (2007 est.)
|
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GDP - real growth rate: |
6% (2007 est.) |
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GDP - per capita (PPP): |
$1,100 (2007 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector: |
agriculture: 30.2%
industry: 24.7%
services: 45.2% (2007 est.) |
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Labor force: |
14.05 million (2007 est.)
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Labor force - by occupation: |
agriculture: 82%
industry: 5%
services: 13% (1999 est.) |
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Unemployment rate: |
NA% |
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Population below poverty line: |
35% (2001 est.) |
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Household income or consumption by percentage
share: |
lowest 10%: 2.3%
highest 10%: 37.7% (2002) |
|
Distribution of family income - Gini index: |
45.7 (2002) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices): |
5.8% (2007 est.) |
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Investment (gross fixed): |
24.3% of GDP (2007 est.) |
|
Budget: |
revenues: $2.298 billion
expenditures: $2.562 billion, including capital expenditures of
$NA (2007 est.) |
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Public debt: |
20.6% of GDP (2007 est.) |
|
Agriculture - products: |
coffee, tea, cotton, tobacco,
cassava (tapioca), potatoes, corn, millet, pulses, cut flowers, beef, goat
meat, milk, poultry |
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Industries: |
sugar, brewing, tobacco, cotton
textiles, cement, steel production |
|
Industrial production growth rate: |
5.8% (2007 est.) |
|
Electricity - production: |
1.983 billion kWh (2005) |
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Electricity - production by source: |
fossil fuel: 0.9%
hydro: 99.1%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001)
|
|
Electricity - consumption: |
1.674 billion kWh (2005) |
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Electricity - exports: |
170 million kWh (2005) |
|
Electricity - imports: |
0 kWh (2005) |
|
Oil - production: |
0 bbl/day (2005 est.) |
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Oil - consumption: |
11,000 bbl/day (2005 est.)
|
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Oil - exports: |
0 bbl/day (2004) |
|
Oil - imports: |
10,870 bbl/day (2004) |
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Oil - proved reserves: |
0 bbl (1 January 2006 est.)
|
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Natural gas - production: |
0 cu m (2005 est.) |
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Natural gas - consumption: |
0 cu m (2005 est.) |
|
Natural gas - exports: |
0 cu m (2005 est.) |
|
Natural gas - imports: |
0 cu m (2005) |
|
Natural gas - proved reserves: |
0 cu m (1 January 2006 est.)
|
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Current account balance: |
$-241 million (2007 est.)
|
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Exports: |
$1.459 billion f.o.b. (2007
est.) |
|
Exports - commodities: |
coffee, fish and fish products,
tea, cotton, flowers, horticultural products, gold |
|
Exports - partners: |
Belgium 9.9%, Netherlands 9.4%,
France 7.9%, Germany 7.7%, Rwanda 5.6%, Sudan 4.8% (2006) |
|
Imports: |
$2.726 billion f.o.b. (2007
est.) |
|
Imports - commodities: |
capital equipment, vehicles,
petroleum, medical supplies, cereals |
|
Imports - partners: |
Kenya 34.1%, UAE 8.5%, China
7.1%, India 5.6%, South Africa 5.4%, Japan 4.2% (2006) |
|
Economic aid - recipient: |
$1.198 billion (2005) |
|
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold: |
$2.1 billion (31 December 2007
est.) |
|
Debt - external: |
$1.39 billion (31 December 2007
est.) |
|
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home: |
$NA |
|
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad: |
$NA |
|
Market value of publicly traded shares: |
$103.4 million (2005) |
|
Currency (code): |
Ugandan shilling (UGX) |
|
Currency code: |
UGX |
|
Exchange rates: |
Ugandan shillings per US dollar
- 1,685.8 (2007), 1,834.9 (2006), 1,780.7 (2005), 1,810.3 (2004), 1,963.7
(2003) |
|
Fiscal year: |
1 July - 30 June
|
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Telephones - main lines in use: |
108,100 (2006) |
|
Telephones - mobile cellular: |
2.009 million (2006) |
|
Telephone system: |
general assessment:
seriously inadequate, mobile cellular service is increasing rapidly, but
the number of main lines is still deficient, e-mail and Internet services
are available
domestic: intercity traffic by wire, microwave
radio relay, and radiotelephone communication stations, fixed and
mobile-cellular systems for short-range traffic
international:
country code - 256, satellite earth stations - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
and 1 Inmarsat, analog links to Kenya and Tanzania |
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Radio broadcast stations: |
AM 7, FM 33, shortwave 2 (2001)
|
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Radios: |
5 million (2001) |
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Television broadcast stations: |
8 (plus 1 repeater) (2001)
|
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Televisions: |
500,000 (2001) |
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Internet country code: |
.ug |
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Internet hosts: |
546 (2007) |
|
Internet Service Providers (ISPs): |
2 (2000) |
|
Internet users: |
750,000 (2006) |
|
Airports: |
32 (2007) |
|
Airports - with paved runways: |
total: 5
over
3,047 m: 3
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
914 to 1,523 m: 1
(2007) |
|
Airports - with unpaved runways: |
total: 27
2,438
to 3,047 m: 1
1,524 to 2,437 m: 6
914 to 1,523
m: 11
under 914 m: 9 (2007) |
|
Railways: |
total: 1,244 km
narrow gauge: 1,244 km 1.000-m gauge (2006) |
|
Roadways: |
total: 70,746 km
paved: 16,272 km
unpaved: 54,474 km (2003) |
|
Waterways: |
on Lake Victoria, 200 km on
Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, and parts of Albert Nile (2005) |
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Ports and terminals: |
Entebbe, Jinja, Port Bell
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Disputes - international: |
Uganda is subject to armed
fighting among hostile ethnic groups, rebels, armed gangs, militias, and
various government forces that extend across its borders, Uganda hosts
209,860 Sudanese, 27,560 Congolese, and 19,710 Rwandan refugees, while
Ugandan refugees as well as members of the Lord`s Resistance Army (LRA)
seek shelter in southern Sudan and the Democratic Republic of the Congo`s
Garamba National Park, LRA forces have also attacked Kenyan villages
across the border |
|
Refugees and internally displaced persons: |
refugees (country of
origin): 212,857 (Sudan), 20,564 (Democratic Republic of Congo),
20,213 (Rwanda)
IDPs: 1.2-1.7 million (350,000 IDPs returned in
2006 following ongoing peace talks between the Lord`s Resistance Army
(LRA) and the Government of Uganda) (2006) |
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